Model Comparison

GPT-5.4 vs Gemma 4 12B UnifiedWhich is better in 2026?

GPT-5.4 significantly outperforms across most benchmarks.

Verdict: GPT-5.4 vs Gemma 4 12B Unified — which is better?

GPT-5.4 (by OpenAI) and Gemma 4 12B Unified (by Google) are two of the AI models people compare most. Here is how they stack up on benchmarks, price and capabilities, and which one to pick in 2026.

GPT-5.4 outperforms in 4 benchmarks (GPQA, Humanity's Last Exam, MMMU-Pro, OmniDocBench 1.5), while Gemma 4 12B Unified is better at 0 benchmarks. GPT-5.4 significantly outperforms across most benchmarks.

Choose GPT-5.4 if…

  • you want the strongest raw capability — it leads on 4 of 4 shared benchmarks

Choose Gemma 4 12B Unified if…

  • you want the most recent training data — it shipped May 2026
  • you need open weights you can self-host or fine-tune
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Performance Benchmarks

Comparative analysis across standard metrics

4 benchmarks

GPT-5.4 outperforms in 4 benchmarks (GPQA, Humanity's Last Exam, MMMU-Pro, OmniDocBench 1.5), while Gemma 4 12B Unified is better at 0 benchmarks.

GPT-5.4 significantly outperforms across most benchmarks.

Tue Jun 09 2026 • llm-stats.com

Arena Performance

Human preference votes

Context Window

Maximum input and output token capacity

Only GPT-5.4 specifies input context (1,000,000 tokens). Only GPT-5.4 specifies output context (128,000 tokens).

OpenAI
GPT-5.4
Input1,000,000 tokens
Output128,000 tokens
Google
Gemma 4 12B Unified
Input- tokens
Output- tokens
Tue Jun 09 2026 • llm-stats.com

Input Capabilities

Supported data types and modalities

Both GPT-5.4 and Gemma 4 12B Unified support multimodal inputs.

They are both capable of processing various types of data, offering versatility in application.

GPT-5.4

Text
Images
Audio
Video

Gemma 4 12B Unified

Text
Images
Audio
Video

License

Usage and distribution terms

GPT-5.4 is licensed under a proprietary license, while Gemma 4 12B Unified uses Apache 2.0.

License differences may affect how you can use these models in commercial or open-source projects.

GPT-5.4

Proprietary

Closed source

Gemma 4 12B Unified

Apache 2.0

Open weights

Release Timeline

When each model was launched

GPT-5.4 was released on 2026-03-05, while Gemma 4 12B Unified was released on 2026-05-23.

Gemma 4 12B Unified is 3 months newer than GPT-5.4.

GPT-5.4

Mar 5, 2026

3 months ago

Gemma 4 12B Unified

May 23, 2026

2 weeks ago

2mo newer

Knowledge Cutoff

When training data ends

Gemma 4 12B Unified has a documented knowledge cutoff of 2025-01-01, while GPT-5.4's cutoff date is not specified.

We can confirm Gemma 4 12B Unified's training data extends to 2025-01-01, but cannot make a direct comparison without GPT-5.4's cutoff date.

GPT-5.4

—

Gemma 4 12B Unified

Jan 2025

Outputs Comparison

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Key Takeaways

OpenAI
Larger context window (1,000,000 tokens)
Higher GPQA score (92.8% vs 78.8%)
Higher Humanity's Last Exam score (39.8% vs 5.2%)
Higher MMMU-Pro score (81.2% vs 69.1%)
Higher OmniDocBench 1.5 score (89.1% vs 16.4%)
Google
Has open weights

Detailed Comparison

AI Model Comparison Table
Feature
OpenAI
GPT-5.4
Google
Gemma 4 12B Unified

FAQ

Common questions about GPT-5.4 vs Gemma 4 12B Unified.

Which is better, GPT-5.4 or Gemma 4 12B Unified?

GPT-5.4 significantly outperforms across most benchmarks. GPT-5.4 is made by OpenAI and Gemma 4 12B Unified is made by Google. The best choice depends on your use case — compare their benchmark scores, pricing, and capabilities above.

How does GPT-5.4 compare to Gemma 4 12B Unified in benchmarks?

GPT-5.4 scores Tau2 Telecom: 98.9%, ARC-AGI: 93.7%, Graphwalks BFS <128k: 93.0%, GPQA: 92.8%, Graphwalks parents <128k: 89.8%. Gemma 4 12B Unified scores MMMLU: 83.4%, MathVision: 79.7%, GPQA: 78.8%, AIME 2026: 77.5%, MMLU-Pro: 77.2%.

What are the context window sizes for GPT-5.4 and Gemma 4 12B Unified?

GPT-5.4 supports 1.0M tokens and Gemma 4 12B Unified supports an unknown number of tokens. A larger context window lets you process longer documents, conversations, or codebases in a single request.

What are the main differences between GPT-5.4 and Gemma 4 12B Unified?

Key differences include licensing (Proprietary vs Apache 2.0). See the full comparison above for benchmark-by-benchmark results.

Who makes GPT-5.4 and Gemma 4 12B Unified?

GPT-5.4 is developed by OpenAI and Gemma 4 12B Unified is developed by Google.

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