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FRAMES

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Interactive timeline showing model performance evolution on FRAMES

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FRAMES Leaderboard

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About this benchmark

What is FRAMES?

Factuality, Retrieval, And reasoning MEasurement Set - a unified evaluation dataset of 824 challenging multi-hop questions for testing retrieval-augmented generation systems across factuality, retrieval accuracy, and reasoning capabilities, requiring integration of 2-15 Wikipedia articles per question

FRAMES is a text benchmark evaluating models on reasoning and search tasks. LLM Stats tracks 2 models on this benchmark, scored on a 0–1 scale. The current average is 0.8, with the leader at 0.9.

Compare leaders on the best AI for reasoning and best AI for search leaderboards.

Current leaders

Kimi K2-Thinking-0905 from Moonshot AI currently leads the FRAMES leaderboard with a score of 0.870 across 2 evaluated AI models.

1Kimi K2-Thinking-0905Moonshot AI87.0%
2DeepSeek-V3DeepSeek73.3%

Source paper

Title
Fact, Fetch, and Reason: A Unified Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Authors
Satyapriya Krishna, Kalpesh Krishna, Anhad Mohananey, Steven Schwarcz, and 3 others
Published
Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant performance improvements across various cognitive tasks. An emerging application is using LLMs to enhance retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities. These systems require LLMs to understand user queries, retrieve relevant information, and synthesize coherent and accurate responses. Given the increasing real-world deployment of such systems, comprehensive evaluation becomes crucial. To this end, we propose FRAMES (Factuality, Retrieval, And reasoning MEasurement Set), a high-quality evaluation dataset designed to test LLMs' ability to provide factual responses, assess retrieval capabilities, and evaluate the reasoning required to generate final answers. While previous work has provided datasets and benchmarks to evaluate these abilities in isolation, FRAMES offers a unified framework that provides a clearer picture of LLM performance in end-to-end RAG scenarios. Our dataset comprises challenging multi-hop questions that require the integration of information from multiple sources. We present baseline results demonstrating that even state-of-the-art LLMs struggle with this task, achieving 0.40 accuracy with no retrieval. The accuracy is significantly improved with our proposed multi-step retrieval pipeline, achieving an accuracy of 0.66 (>50% improvement). We hope our work will help bridge evaluation gaps and assist in developing more robust and capable RAG systems.

FAQ

Common questions about the FRAMES benchmark and leaderboard.

What is the FRAMES benchmark?

Factuality, Retrieval, And reasoning MEasurement Set - a unified evaluation dataset of 824 challenging multi-hop questions for testing retrieval-augmented generation systems across factuality, retrieval accuracy, and reasoning capabilities, requiring integration of 2-15 Wikipedia articles per question

What is the FRAMES leaderboard?

The FRAMES leaderboard ranks 2 AI models based on their performance on this benchmark. Currently, Kimi K2-Thinking-0905 by Moonshot AI leads with a score of 0.870. The average score across all models is 0.801.

What is the highest FRAMES score?

The highest FRAMES score is 0.870, achieved by Kimi K2-Thinking-0905 from Moonshot AI.

How many models are evaluated on FRAMES?

2 models have been evaluated on the FRAMES benchmark, with 0 verified results and 2 self-reported results.

Where can I find the FRAMES paper?

The FRAMES paper is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12941. The paper details the methodology, dataset construction, and evaluation criteria.

What categories does FRAMES cover?

FRAMES is categorized under reasoning and search. The benchmark evaluates text models.

What is the best open-source model on FRAMES?

Kimi K2-Thinking-0905 by Moonshot AI is the top-ranked open-source model on FRAMES, with a score of 0.870 (rank #1).

How recent are the FRAMES leaderboard results?

The FRAMES leaderboard was last updated in August 2026 and currently includes 2 evaluated models.