COLLIE

COLLIE is a grammar-based framework for systematic construction of constrained text generation tasks. It allows specification of rich, compositional constraints across diverse generation levels and modeling challenges including language understanding, logical reasoning, and semantic planning. The COLLIE-v1 dataset contains 2,080 instances across 13 constraint structures.

GPT-5 from OpenAI currently leads the COLLIE leaderboard with a score of 0.990 across 10 evaluated AI models.

Paper
About this benchmark

What COLLIE measures

COLLIE is a text benchmark that evaluates large language models on language, reasoning, and writing tasks. LLM Stats tracks 10 models on this benchmark, with a maximum possible score of 1. Current average across reported models is 0.8, with the leader reaching 1.0.

Compare leaders on the best AI for language, best AI for reasoning and best AI for writing leaderboards.

Publication

Paper
COLLIE: Systematic Construction of Constrained Text Generation Tasks
Authors
Shunyu Yao, Howard Chen, Austin W. Hanjie, Runzhe Yang, and 1 others
Published

Abstract

Text generation under constraints have seen increasing interests in natural language processing, especially with the rapidly improving capabilities of large language models. However, existing benchmarks for constrained generation usually focus on fixed constraint types (e.g.,generate a sentence containing certain words) that have proved to be easy for state-of-the-art models like GPT-4. We present COLLIE, a grammar-based framework that allows the specification of rich, compositional constraints with diverse generation levels (word, sentence, paragraph, passage) and modeling challenges (e.g.,language understanding, logical reasoning, counting, semantic planning). We also develop tools for automatic extraction of task instances given a constraint structure and a raw text corpus. Using COLLIE, we compile the COLLIE-v1 dataset with 2080 instances comprising 13 constraint structures. We perform systematic experiments across five state-of-the-art instruction-tuned language models and analyze their performances to reveal shortcomings. COLLIE is designed to be extensible and lightweight, and we hope the community finds it useful to develop more complex constraints and evaluations in the future.

OpenAIGPT-5 leads with 99.0%, followed by OpenAIo3-mini at 98.7% and OpenAIo3 at 98.4%.

Progress Over Time

Interactive timeline showing model performance evolution on COLLIE

State-of-the-art frontier
Open
Proprietary

COLLIE Leaderboard

10 models
ContextCostLicense
1
OpenAI
OpenAI
2
OpenAI
OpenAI
3
OpenAI
OpenAI
4128B256K$1.50 / $7.50
5
OpenAI
OpenAI
6
OpenAI
OpenAI
1.0M$2.00 / $8.00
7
Mistral AI
Mistral AI
119B256K$0.15 / $0.60
8
OpenAI
OpenAI
128K$2.50 / $10.00
91.0M$0.40 / $1.60
101.0M$0.10 / $0.40
Notice missing or incorrect data?

FAQ

Common questions about COLLIE.

What is the COLLIE benchmark?

COLLIE is a grammar-based framework for systematic construction of constrained text generation tasks. It allows specification of rich, compositional constraints across diverse generation levels and modeling challenges including language understanding, logical reasoning, and semantic planning. The COLLIE-v1 dataset contains 2,080 instances across 13 constraint structures.

What is the COLLIE leaderboard?

The COLLIE leaderboard ranks 10 AI models based on their performance on this benchmark. Currently, GPT-5 by OpenAI leads with a score of 0.990. The average score across all models is 0.751.

What is the highest COLLIE score?

The highest COLLIE score is 0.990, achieved by GPT-5 from OpenAI.

How many models are evaluated on COLLIE?

10 models have been evaluated on the COLLIE benchmark, with 0 verified results and 10 self-reported results.

Where can I find the COLLIE paper?

The COLLIE paper is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.08689. The paper details the methodology, dataset construction, and evaluation criteria.

What categories does COLLIE cover?

COLLIE is categorized under language, reasoning, and writing. The benchmark evaluates text models.

What is the best open-source model on COLLIE?

Mistral Medium 3.5 by Mistral AI is the top-ranked open-source model on COLLIE, with a score of 0.958 (rank #4).

Which model offers the best value on COLLIE?

Among models scoring within 10% of the leader, Mistral Medium 3.5 from Mistral AI is the cheapest, at $1.50 per million input tokens with a score of 0.958.

How recent are the COLLIE leaderboard results?

The COLLIE leaderboard was last updated in June 2026 and currently includes 10 evaluated models.

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