Model Comparison

Gemma 4 12B vs o1Which is better in 2026?

Both models are evenly matched across the benchmarks.

Verdict: Gemma 4 12B vs o1 — which is better?

Gemma 4 12B (by Google) and o1 (by OpenAI) are two of the AI models people compare most. Here is how they stack up on benchmarks, price and capabilities, and which one to pick in 2026.

Gemma 4 12B outperforms in 1 benchmarks (GPQA), while o1 is better at 1 benchmark (MMMLU). Both models are evenly matched across the benchmarks.

Choose Gemma 4 12B if…

  • you want the most recent training data — it shipped May 2026
  • you need open weights you can self-host or fine-tune

Choose o1 if…

  • you want predictable pricing at $15.00/M input and $60.00/M output

Performance Benchmarks

Comparative analysis across standard metrics

2 benchmarks

Gemma 4 12B outperforms in 1 benchmarks (GPQA), while o1 is better at 1 benchmark (MMMLU).

Both models are evenly matched across the benchmarks.

Sat Jul 25 2026 • llm-stats.com

Arena Performance

Human preference votes

Context Window

Maximum input and output token capacity

Only o1 specifies input context (200,000 tokens). Only o1 specifies output context (100,000 tokens).

Google
Gemma 4 12B
Input- tokens
Output- tokens
OpenAI
o1
Input200,000 tokens
Output100,000 tokens
Sat Jul 25 2026 • llm-stats.com

Input Capabilities

Supported data types and modalities

Gemma 4 12B supports multimodal inputs, whereas o1 does not.

Gemma 4 12B can handle both text and other forms of data like images, making it suitable for multimodal applications.

Gemma 4 12B

Text
Images
Audio
Video

o1

Text
Images
Audio
Video

License

Usage and distribution terms

Gemma 4 12B is licensed under Apache 2.0, while o1 uses a proprietary license.

License differences may affect how you can use these models in commercial or open-source projects.

Gemma 4 12B

Apache 2.0

Open weights

o1

Proprietary

Closed source

Release Timeline

When each model was launched

Gemma 4 12B was released on 2026-05-23, while o1 was released on 2024-12-17.

Gemma 4 12B is 17 months newer than o1.

Gemma 4 12B

May 23, 2026

2 months ago

1.4yr newer
o1

Dec 17, 2024

1.6 years ago

Knowledge Cutoff

When training data ends

Gemma 4 12B has a documented knowledge cutoff of 2025-01-01, while o1's cutoff date is not specified.

We can confirm Gemma 4 12B's training data extends to 2025-01-01, but cannot make a direct comparison without o1's cutoff date.

Gemma 4 12B

Jan 2025

o1

—

Outputs Comparison

Notice missing or incorrect data?Start an Issue discussion→

Key Takeaways

Google
Supports multimodal inputs
Has open weights
Higher GPQA score (78.8% vs 78.0%)
OpenAI
Larger context window (200,000 tokens)
Higher MMMLU score (87.7% vs 83.4%)

Detailed Comparison

Interactive Arena

Judge for yourself.

Run your own prompts against Gemma 4 12B and o1 side-by-side, then vote on the output you prefer.

Gemma 4 12B
✓ Preferred
o1
Open in Playground
AI Model Comparison Table
Feature
Google
Gemma 4 12B
OpenAI
o1

FAQ

Common questions about Gemma 4 12B vs o1.

Which is better, Gemma 4 12B or o1?

Both models are evenly matched across the benchmarks. Gemma 4 12B is made by Google and o1 is made by OpenAI. The best choice depends on your use case — compare their benchmark scores, pricing, and capabilities above.

How does Gemma 4 12B compare to o1 in benchmarks?

Gemma 4 12B scores FLEURS: 93.1%, MMMLU: 83.4%, MathVision: 79.7%, GPQA: 78.8%, AIME 2026: 77.5%. o1 scores GSM8k: 97.1%, MATH: 96.4%, GPQA Physics: 92.8%, MMLU: 91.8%, MGSM: 89.3%.

What are the context window sizes for Gemma 4 12B and o1?

Gemma 4 12B supports an unknown number of tokens and o1 supports 200K tokens. A larger context window lets you process longer documents, conversations, or codebases in a single request.

What are the main differences between Gemma 4 12B and o1?

Key differences include multimodal support (yes vs no), licensing (Apache 2.0 vs Proprietary). See the full comparison above for benchmark-by-benchmark results.

Who makes Gemma 4 12B and o1?

Gemma 4 12B is developed by Google and o1 is developed by OpenAI.

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